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Food carbon footprint index 2018

Mediterranean diet table

At nu3, we know healthy and sustainable living is a key concern for many, with the environmental impacts of our eating habits at the forefront of discussion. To further the debate, we’ve undertaken a study which looks into the food industry’s carbon footprint, directly comparing different diets in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. The research, which reveals the annual CO2 emissions per person for 130 nations worldwide, shows which countries could significantly reduce their carbon footprint by switching to a plant-based diet, as well as which food types generate the highest carbon dioxide emissions.

The study analyses data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to determine the quantity of produce supplied for consumption of 11 food types for all countries researched. Using CO2 emissions data, the carbon footprint per capita is then calculated for each food type. This allows a direct comparison of the CO2 produced for each food type, as well as between seven animal products and four non-animal products. Finally, to determine the index’s final ranking, the difference between the total CO2 produced by the amount of animal product eaten by a person in one country versus the total of non-animal product was calculated. This number reveals the difference in kgs CO2 emitted by animal product vs. non-animal product. The result is a balance that serves as an indicator for the carbon-footprint saving potential per citizen per year if they switch from an animal to a non-animal diet.

“Veganism is an increasingly mainstream lifestyle choice, as demonstrated by our vegan product revenue doubling in the last year alone. With this study revealing how switching diets could drastically reduce our carbon footprint, it’s becoming increasingly harder to ignore the benefits of moving to a plant-based diet, both for our health and our planet.” says Robert Sünderhauf, CEO at nu3. “For those who find the idea of completely giving up meat a challenge, this index highlights some realistic and achievable alternatives. For instance, healthier fish and poultry have a far lower CO2 emission rate than fatty red meats such as lamb and beef, while eggs produce significantly lower emission rates than milk products and cheese. All evidence points towards a mainly plant-based diet, with lean animal-based protein if needed, to help both our bodies and our environment prosper.”

International Results

  • Animal Products

  •   Pork
  •   Poultry
  •  Beef
  •  Lamb and Goat
  •  Fish
  •  Eggs
  •  Milk – inc. cheese
  •  Total Kg CO2/person/year
  • Non-Animal Products

  •  Wheat and Wheat Products
  •  Rice
  •  Soybeans
  •  Nuts inc. Peanut Butter
  •  Total Kg CO2/person/year
  •   
  •  Supplied for Consumption (kg/person/year)
  •  Kg CO2/person/year
  •  Animal vs. Non-Animal Products:
    Difference - Kg CO2/person/year
    Animal Products Non-Animal Products Animal vs. Non-Animal Products:
                            Difference - Kg CO2/person/year
# Country                                                  
1 Argentina 10.51 37.20 38.66 41.53 55.48 1712.00 1.56 54.63 4.36 6.96 11.39 10.46 195.08 277.87 2140.65 103.11 19.66 8.77 11.22 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.87 31.75 2108.90
2 Australia 24.14 85.44 46.12 49.54 33.86 1044.85 9.87 345.65 17.69 28.25 8.51 7.82 234.49 334.01 1895.55 70.46 13.44 11.03 14.12 0.19 0.09 8.73 15.45 43.09 1852.46
3 Albania 10.88 38.51 13.23 14.21 22.50 694.30 15.32 536.50 3.85 6.15 12.45 11.44 303.72 432.62 1733.73 138.64 26.44 7.78 9.96 0.00 0.00 4.36 7.72 44.11 1689.62
4 Iceland 21.69 76.77 26.87 28.86 13.36 412.26 21.12 739.62 74.41 118.81 8.24 7.57 225.82 321.66 1705.55 72.92 13.91 3.89 4.98 0.11 0.05 3.88 6.87 25.80 1679.75
5 New Zealand 22.29 78.90 34.98 37.58 22.49 693.99 18.91 662.23 20.36 32.51 9.91 9.10 137.25 195.50 1709.80 76.91 14.67 9.16 11.72 0.44 0.20 8.22 14.55 41.14 1668.67
6 USA 27.64 97.83 50.01 53.72 36.24 1118.29 0.43 15.06 12.35 19.72 14.58 13.39 254.69 362.78 1680.79 80.43 15.34 6.88 8.80 0.04 0.02 7.86 13.91 38.07 1642.72
7 Uruguay 16.84 59.61 27.45 29.49 29.10 897.96 8.23 288.21 6.53 10.43 13.14 12.07 210.54 299.89 1597.66 109.31 20.85 11.50 14.72 0.01 0.00 0.95 1.68 37.25 1560.41
8 Luxembourg 43.58 154.25 21.37 22.96 29.88 922.03 1.67 58.48 23.09 36.87 14.64 13.45 255.30 363.65 1571.69 103.20 19.68 4.20 5.37 0.04 0.02 0.93 1.65 26.72 1544.97
9 Brazil 12.60 44.60 45.00 48.34 39.25 1211.17 0.62 21.71 10.01 15.98 8.98 8.25 149.28 212.63 1562.69 53.00 10.11 32.13 41.12 3.62 1.63 0.67 1.19 54.04 1508.65
10 Kazakhstan 10.36 36.67 18.38 19.74 23.38 721.46 9.56 334.79 5.21 8.32 8.29 7.62 288.12 410.40 1538.99 92.31 17.60 7.32 9.37 0.03 0.01 5.14 9.10 36.08 1502.91
11 Sweden 37.00 130.96 16.64 17.87 24.58 758.49 1.41 49.38 23.86 38.10 13.37 12.28 341.23 486.05 1493.13 79.59 15.18 5.96 7.63 0.13 0.06 6.23 11.03 33.89 1459.24
12 Bermuda 28.24 99.96 32.62 35.04 33.15 1022.94 2.71 94.90 33.22 53.04 14.92 13.71 95.56 136.12 1455.70 54.88 10.47 5.38 6.88 0.22 0.10 5.72 10.12 27.57 1428.13
13 Denmark 24.87 88.03 26.75 28.73 28.46 878.22 0.92 32.22 16.49 26.33 15.35 14.10 277.30 394.99 1462.61 98.00 18.69 4.96 6.35 0.03 0.01 5.94 10.51 35.56 1427.05
14 Finland 36.14 127.92 19.87 21.34 19.22 593.09 0.53 18.56 33.80 53.97 9.55 8.77 430.76 613.57 1437.23 81.99 15.64 4.42 5.66 0.08 0.04 3.43 6.07 27.40 1409.83
15 Ireland 32.40 114.68 26.26 28.21 22.35 689.67 4.10 143.58 17.39 27.77 8.96 8.23 291.86 415.73 1427.87 107.98 20.59 3.00 3.84 0.25 0.11 4.10 7.26 31.80 1396.07
16 Greece 28.31 100.20 15.74 16.91 16.10 496.81 12.47 436.70 14.42 23.02 10.13 9.31 255.26 363.59 1446.54 124.04 23.65 6.64 8.50 0.02 0.01 10.50 18.59 50.75 1395.80
17 France 33.05 116.98 22.93 24.63 23.81 734.73 3.28 114.87 22.91 36.58 13.13 12.06 241.31 343.72 1383.57 108.43 20.68 4.88 6.24 0.05 0.02 5.39 9.54 36.49 1347.08
18 Canada 22.81 80.74 36.68 39.40 30.25 933.45 0.97 33.97 14.56 23.25 12.95 11.90 187.77 267.46 1390.16 84.96 16.20 12.65 16.19 0.94 0.42 8.01 14.18 46.99 1343.17
19 Norway 23.51 83.21 21.01 22.57 19.83 611.91 5.34 187.01 38.18 60.96 11.41 10.48 261.34 372.25 1348.40 97.12 18.52 4.36 5.58 0.11 0.05 5.28 9.35 33.50 1314.90
20 Hong Kong SAR. China 67.11 237.54 54.86 58.93 25.82 796.75 2.22 77.74 42.44 67.76 14.50 13.32 105.85 150.77 1402.82 53.14 10.13 43.48 55.64 2.79 1.26 13.81 24.44 91.47 1311.34
21 French Polynesia 14.75 52.21 49.55 53.23 30.90 953.51 2.83 99.11 38.95 62.19 8.75 8.04 93.56 133.27 1361.54 68.67 13.10 35.59 45.54 0.77 0.35 2.34 4.14 63.13 1298.42
22 Israel 1.99 7.04 62.50 67.14 28.78 888.09 1.87 65.49 22.18 35.41 11.35 10.43 193.60 275.76 1349.36 110.86 21.14 16.81 21.51 0.10 0.05 7.71 13.65 56.34 1293.02
23 Switzerland 31.49 111.46 16.38 17.60 21.26 656.04 1.42 49.73 13.48 21.52 10.53 9.67 318.69 453.94 1319.96 89.51 17.07 2.43 3.11 0.44 0.20 9.27 16.41 36.79 1283.17
24 Netherlands 36.36 128.70 23.90 25.67 17.67 545.26 0.94 32.92 18.64 29.76 14.03 12.89 341.47 486.39 1261.59 70.17 13.38 2.93 3.75 0.12 0.05 7.94 14.05 31.24 1230.35
25 Kuwait 0.00 0.00 53.61 57.59 13.03 402.08 15.61 546.66 11.99 19.14 12.60 11.57 157.66 224.57 1261.62 96.76 18.45 43.83 56.09 0.06 0.03 5.23 9.26 83.83 1177.79
26 United Kingdom 25.79 91.28 31.55 33.89 18.12 559.15 4.49 157.24 15.49 24.73 11.08 10.18 232.20 330.75 1207.22 98.63 18.81 6.39 8.18 0.05 0.02 4.18 7.40 34.41 1172.81
27 Austria 52.56 186.04 18.61 19.99 17.14 528.90 1.16 40.62 12.16 19.42 14.68 13.49 258.09 367.62 1176.08 81.10 15.47 3.70 4.73 2.06 0.93 7.88 13.95 35.08 1141.00
28 Oman 0.01 0.04 31.51 33.85 15.10 465.95 12.87 450.71 21.56 34.42 7.80 7.17 152.28 216.91 1209.04 64.10 12.22 56.55 72.37 0.21 0.09 1.68 2.97 87.66 1121.38
29 Italy 40.28 142.57 18.61 19.99 18.60 573.96 0.92 32.22 15.60 24.91 13.34 12.25 246.88 351.66 1157.56 146.37 27.91 5.74 7.35 0.01 0.00 7.63 13.51 48.77 1108.79
30 Bahamas 32.74 115.88 45.74 49.13 19.92 614.69 5.22 182.80 18.80 30.02 6.20 5.70 104.76 149.22 1147.44 39.98 7.62 23.97 30.67 0.09 0.04 4.03 7.13 45.47 1101.97
31 Portugal 37.91 134.18 30.14 32.38 16.45 507.61 2.38 83.35 45.39 72.47 9.05 8.31 205.04 292.06 1130.36 94.30 17.98 14.86 19.02 0.01 0.00 3.91 6.92 43.92 1086.44
32 Malta 34.24 121.19 26.40 28.36 19.22 593.09 1.19 41.67 24.58 39.25 11.64 10.69 190.06 270.72 1104.97 139.58 26.62 4.96 6.35 0.05 0.02 5.62 9.95 42.94 1062.04
33 Armenia 9.67 34.23 13.35 14.34 19.66 606.67 3.02 105.76 4.36 6.96 11.69 10.74 209.03 297.74 1076.44 130.60 24.91 3.18 4.07 0.00 0.00 2.55 4.51 33.49 1042.95
34 Slovenia 28.19 99.78 23.46 25.20 18.43 568.71 0.79 27.67 7.76 12.39 9.36 8.60 235.01 334.75 1077.09 103.43 19.72 3.95 5.05 0.75 0.34 5.28 9.35 34.46 1042.63
35 Chile 24.68 87.35 36.52 39.23 23.86 736.27 0.42 14.71 7.65 12.21 9.97 9.16 116.11 165.39 1064.32 104.74 19.97 8.85 11.33 0.04 0.02 2.22 3.93 35.25 1029.08
36 Venezuela  7.23 25.59 39.28 42.19 25.89 798.91 0.32 11.21 8.34 13.32 5.63 5.17 117.79 167.78 1064.17 49.17 9.38 23.39 29.93 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.62 39.93 1024.24
37 Belgium 38.65 136.80 12.20 13.11 15.63 482.31 1.32 46.23 18.97 30.29 12.59 11.57 236.19 336.43 1056.73 111.91 21.34 8.61 11.02 0.07 0.03 7.32 12.96 45.35 1011.38
38 Germany 51.81 183.38 17.75 19.07 13.16 406.09 0.73 25.56 11.16 17.82 12.20 11.21 258.70 368.49 1031.62 83.41 15.91 3.34 4.27 0.88 0.40 7.96 14.09 34.67 996.96
39 Russia 25.66 90.82 27.50 29.54 16.98 523.97 1.40 49.03 20.82 33.24 15.43 14.17 163.57 232.99 973.76 130.99 24.98 4.71 6.03 0.05 0.02 1.62 2.87 33.90 939.87
40 Croatia 42.79 151.46 8.52 9.15 12.41 382.95 1.71 59.88 15.83 25.28 8.48 7.79 231.02 329.06 965.57 106.59 20.33 2.64 3.38 0.00 0.00 3.88 6.87 30.57 935.00
41 Belarus 40.37 142.89 31.29 33.61 17.11 527.98 0.11 3.85 15.75 25.15 15.86 14.57 133.73 190.49 938.53 60.48 11.53 3.17 4.06 0.30 0.14 3.36 5.95 21.67 916.86
42 Spain 48.92 173.15 28.63 30.75 12.15 374.92 2.16 75.64 28.83 46.03 13.32 12.24 164.29 234.01 946.76 93.88 17.90 8.32 10.65 0.02 0.01 7.44 13.17 41.73 905.03
43 Paraguay 26.24 92.88 6.39 6.86 19.81 611.29 0.56 19.61 3.60 5.75 18.83 17.30 75.72 107.86 861.55 31.51 6.01 4.91 6.28 0.00 0.00 1.60 2.83 15.12 846.42
44 New Caledonia 19.90 70.44 44.36 47.65 16.07 495.89 1.95 68.29 19.38 30.94 8.85 8.13 108.00 153.84 875.17 81.75 15.59 17.47 22.36 0.55 0.25 2.96 5.24 43.43 831.74
45 South Africa 4.16 14.72 37.57 40.36 18.03 556.37 4.28 149.89 5.56 8.88 7.21 6.62 55.75 79.41 856.25 60.13 11.47 17.41 22.28 1.27 0.57 1.04 1.84 36.16 820.09
46 Barbados 8.30 29.38 42.62 45.78 13.13 405.16 4.08 142.88 37.41 59.73 9.61 8.83 110.48 157.37 849.13 65.71 12.53 15.66 20.04 0.10 0.05 4.16 7.36 39.98 809.15
47 Lithuania 45.67 161.65 26.84 28.83 4.49 138.55 0.24 8.40 42.39 67.68 13.11 12.04 295.46 420.85 838.02 121.59 23.19 3.07 3.93 0.02 0.01 2.13 3.77 30.89 807.12
48 Turkey 0.01 0.04 18.78 20.17 11.64 359.19 4.68 163.89 5.58 8.91 8.20 7.53 193.94 276.25 835.98 169.96 32.41 10.74 13.74 1.71 0.77 7.97 14.11 61.03 774.95
49 Estonia 29.68 105.05 21.11 22.68 7.19 221.87 0.44 15.41 12.78 20.41 12.66 11.63 284.85 405.74 802.78 89.36 17.04 2.56 3.28 0.04 0.02 4.29 7.59 27.93 774.85
50 Mexico 15.23 53.91 30.12 32.35 15.33 473.05 0.89 31.17 7.56 12.07 18.34 16.85 111.87 159.35 778.75 35.21 6.71 5.64 7.22 0.02 0.01 2.51 4.44 18.38 760.36
51 Costa Rica 10.28 36.39 24.47 26.29 15.23 469.97 0.02 0.70 11.32 18.07 10.55 9.69 183.28 261.06 822.17 39.31 7.50 45.69 58.47 1.54 0.69 1.38 2.44 69.10 753.07
52 Bolivia 8.89 31.47 34.31 36.86 19.78 610.37 1.72 60.23 2.18 3.48 5.18 4.76 46.04 65.58 812.74 49.99 9.53 26.99 34.54 0.01 0.00 9.16 16.21 60.29 752.45
53 Ecuador 14.44 51.11 21.85 23.47 16.61 512.55 0.44 15.41 5.17 8.25 8.01 7.36 139.60 198.85 817.00 39.19 7.47 45.07 57.68 0.00 0.00 0.98 1.73 66.88 750.11
54 Panama 13.48 47.71 30.81 33.10 20.40 629.50 0.01 0.35 11.05 17.64 4.53 4.16 70.29 100.12 832.59 38.96 7.43 66.42 85.00 3.53 1.59 1.05 1.86 95.87 736.71
55 Czech Republic 41.17 145.72 19.09 20.51 8.15 251.49 0.34 11.91 8.25 13.17 11.66 10.71 195.20 278.04 731.55 92.67 17.67 4.79 6.13 0.82 0.37 2.47 4.37 28.54 703.01
56 Romania 25.31 89.58 15.38 16.52 4.78 147.50 3.41 119.42 6.07 9.69 12.94 11.89 238.33 339.48 734.08 134.87 25.72 2.59 3.31 0.01 0.00 1.80 3.19 32.22 701.86
57 Colombia 6.51 23.04 27.57 29.62 16.36 504.84 0.21 7.35 6.01 9.60 10.78 9.90 108.47 154.50 738.85 29.79 5.68 28.02 35.86 0.89 0.40 0.42 0.74 42.68 696.17
58 Maldives 1.22 4.32 18.47 19.84 9.44 291.30 0.70 24.51 179.71 286.94 10.79 9.91 111.47 158.78 795.60 77.77 14.83 50.73 64.92 0.20 0.09 15.83 28.02 107.86 687.74
59 Cyprus 38.38 135.85 24.45 26.26 5.79 178.67 5.05 176.85 14.86 23.73 8.98 8.25 113.31 161.40 711.00 83.25 15.88 4.94 6.32 0.04 0.02 4.60 8.14 30.36 680.64
60 Serbia 32.04 113.41 10.64 11.43 7.05 217.55 3.56 124.67 5.59 8.93 8.89 8.17 148.53 211.57 695.71 105.88 20.19 1.22 1.56 0.00 0.00 3.31 5.86 27.61 668.10
61 United Arab Emirates 0.00 0.00 41.04 44.09 5.64 174.04 9.08 317.98 20.41 32.59 8.23 7.56 132.66 188.96 765.21 101.29 19.32 56.25 71.98 0.08 0.04 23.03 40.76 132.10 633.12
62 Algeria 0.00 0.00 7.42 7.97 5.60 172.80 7.69 269.30 3.74 5.97 8.06 7.40 141.53 201.60 665.05 185.42 35.36 2.97 3.80 0.00 0.00 2.08 3.68 42.84 622.21
63 Ukraine 20.56 72.77 24.23 26.03 8.96 276.49 0.41 14.36 15.23 24.32 18.01 16.54 145.03 206.58 637.09 105.15 20.05 3.00 3.84 0.02 0.01 2.68 4.74 28.64 608.44
64 Pakistan 0.00 0.00 5.01 5.38 8.82 272.17 2.46 86.15 1.87 2.99 2.95 2.71 183.13 260.85 630.24 113.63 21.67 12.25 15.68 0.00 0.00 0.83 1.47 38.81 591.43
65 Swaziland 2.43 8.60 6.18 6.64 15.10 465.95 1.94 67.94 1.26 2.01 1.50 1.38 56.60 80.62 633.14 37.15 7.08 21.15 27.07 0.55 0.25 6.44 11.40 45.80 587.35
66 Latvia 34.96 123.74 20.53 22.05 5.11 157.68 0.34 11.91 21.30 34.01 14.03 12.89 174.11 248.00 610.28 72.13 13.76 2.21 2.83 0.04 0.02 3.78 6.69 23.29 586.99
67 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.38 33.20 13.17 14.15 9.12 281.42 0.47 16.46 4.06 6.48 4.49 4.12 174.03 247.89 603.73 93.56 17.84 1.88 2.41 1.48 0.67 2.00 3.54 24.45 579.27
68 Fiji 4.31 15.26 20.26 21.76 8.96 276.49 5.90 206.62 35.01 55.90 6.44 5.92 40.20 57.26 639.20 84.22 16.06 45.62 58.38 0.30 0.14 1.30 2.30 76.88 562.32
69 South Korea 32.76 115.95 16.00 17.19 14.53 448.37 0.14 4.90 33.09 52.83 11.24 10.33 29.05 41.38 690.95 50.84 9.70 85.18 109.00 8.35 3.76 4.88 8.64 131.10 559.85
70 Poland 46.19 163.49 27.41 29.44 2.32 71.59 0.02 0.70 10.49 16.75 7.53 6.92 205.39 292.56 581.45 108.83 20.75 0.95 1.22 0.06 0.03 2.23 3.95 25.94 555.50
71 Saudi Arabia 0.00 0.00 49.05 52.69 6.45 199.03 6.54 229.03 11.99 19.14 5.37 4.93 83.65 119.15 623.98 89.47 17.06 36.02 46.09 0.05 0.02 3.23 5.72 68.90 555.08
72 Botswana 0.74 2.62 5.33 5.73 7.85 242.23 3.76 131.67 3.98 6.35 1.95 1.79 117.74 167.71 558.11 38.20 7.28 7.06 9.03 1.16 0.52 1.08 1.91 18.75 539.36
73 Macedonia 10.35 36.63 18.77 20.16 7.69 237.30 0.94 32.92 5.47 8.73 6.38 5.86 157.93 224.96 566.56 104.80 19.99 2.81 3.60 0.46 0.21 5.87 10.39 34.18 532.38
74 Hungary 34.93 123.63 23.78 25.54 4.96 153.06 0.11 3.85 4.93 7.87 12.45 11.44 159.05 226.55 551.95 109.98 20.97 2.15 2.75 0.01 0.00 0.64 1.13 24.86 527.08
75 Trinidad and Tobago 8.92 31.57 58.27 62.59 6.13 189.16 2.79 97.71 20.54 32.80 4.20 3.86 103.80 147.85 565.54 90.17 17.20 16.38 20.96 0.04 0.02 3.78 6.69 44.87 520.67
76 Tunisia 0.00 0.00 18.50 19.87 5.53 170.64 5.34 187.01 12.63 20.17 7.67 7.05 114.47 163.05 567.79 197.50 37.66 1.07 1.37 1.88 0.85 6.34 11.22 51.10 516.69
77 Egypt 0.02 0.07 14.43 15.50 12.88 397.45 1.58 55.33 21.46 34.26 4.59 4.22 59.46 84.69 591.53 146.83 28.00 39.77 50.89 0.64 0.29 1.82 3.22 82.40 509.12
78 Mauritius 4.08 14.44 38.51 41.37 5.99 184.84 4.08 142.88 19.66 31.39 6.32 5.81 117.27 167.04 587.76 114.02 21.74 45.56 58.30 0.30 0.14 2.33 4.12 84.31 503.46
79 Bulgaria 26.26 92.95 20.68 22.21 3.84 118.49 1.63 57.08 6.24 9.96 8.36 7.68 155.71 221.79 530.17 121.17 23.11 2.24 2.87 0.04 0.02 2.26 4.00 29.99 500.18
80 Morocco 0.01 0.04 20.77 22.31 8.04 248.10 4.36 152.69 17.44 27.85 6.68 6.14 54.68 77.89 535.00 179.70 34.27 1.10 1.41 0.00 0.00 3.23 5.72 41.39 493.61
81 Slovakia 31.78 112.49 15.13 16.25 5.19 160.15 0.16 5.60 8.39 13.40 16.05 14.74 143.14 203.89 526.52 123.62 23.57 2.88 3.69 0.02 0.01 3.70 6.55 33.82 492.70
82 Niger 0.09 0.32 1.08 1.16 8.97 276.80 4.17 146.03 2.70 4.31 0.30 0.28 58.92 83.93 512.82 4.79 0.91 13.17 16.85 0.00 0.00 6.95 12.30 30.07 482.75
83 Kenya 0.29 1.03 0.47 0.50 9.54 294.38 1.86 65.14 4.27 6.82 1.84 1.69 94.86 135.12 504.68 34.65 6.61 12.94 16.56 0.20 0.09 1.64 2.90 26.16 478.52
84 Jordan 0.02 0.07 33.39 35.87 5.61 173.11 5.68 198.91 5.13 8.19 3.92 3.60 77.68 110.65 530.40 136.74 26.08 19.67 25.17 0.02 0.01 3.56 6.30 57.56 472.85
85 Japan 20.62 72.98 19.42 20.86 9.15 282.35 0.14 4.90 31.10 49.66 19.15 17.59 72.06 102.64 550.99 45.04 8.59 59.85 76.59 7.34 3.30 2.59 4.58 93.07 457.92
86 Georgia 8.93 31.61 12.28 13.19 6.04 186.38 0.63 22.06 10.42 16.64 6.12 5.62 149.26 212.61 488.11 163.43 31.17 2.64 3.38 0.00 0.00 2.47 4.37 38.92 449.19
87 Grenada 11.52 40.78 43.51 46.74 3.46 106.77 1.25 43.77 27.95 44.63 10.34 9.50 86.88 123.75 415.93 59.59 11.36 9.56 12.23 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.32 23.92 392.01
88 El Salvador 3.23 11.43 19.84 21.31 5.95 183.60 0.02 0.70 6.25 9.98 9.51 8.74 124.34 177.11 412.87 28.19 5.38 10.53 13.48 0.80 0.36 1.10 1.95 21.16 391.72
89 Cuba 19.82 70.15 20.15 21.65 6.39 197.18 1.24 43.42 4.76 7.60 9.82 9.02 99.94 142.35 491.38 54.62 10.42 67.70 86.64 6.34 2.85 0.23 0.41 100.31 391.07
90 China 38.43 136.02 13.20 14.18 5.12 157.99 3.13 109.61 21.01 33.55 18.76 17.23 32.66 46.52 515.11 63.36 12.08 78.18 100.05 3.66 1.65 6.39 11.31 125.09 390.02
91 Honduras 6.48 22.94 20.29 21.80 7.19 221.87 0.04 1.40 2.70 4.31 5.19 4.77 91.33 130.09 407.17 37.36 7.12 14.42 18.45 0.01 0.00 0.75 1.33 26.91 380.26
92 Taiwan. ROC 39.37 139.35 32.13 34.51 5.21 160.77 0.92 32.22 18.29 29.20 13.08 12.02 41.72 59.43 467.50 50.92 9.71 45.85 58.67 16.95 7.63 9.06 16.04 92.05 375.45
93 Angola 8.89 31.47 17.33 18.62 8.42 259.82 1.08 37.82 15.24 24.33 1.11 1.02 12.30 17.52 390.60 40.72 7.77 8.12 10.39 0.52 0.23 2.26 4.00 22.39 368.21
94 Jamaica 3.99 14.12 52.51 56.41 3.97 122.51 1.26 44.13 21.95 35.05 2.27 2.09 91.13 129.81 404.10 70.67 13.48 23.45 30.01 0.00 0.00 1.82 3.22 46.71 357.39
95 Namibia 4.21 14.90 12.19 13.09 3.75 115.72 2.27 79.50 10.70 17.08 1.63 1.50 73.05 104.05 345.84 36.26 6.91 6.31 8.07 0.07 0.03 0.71 1.26 16.28 329.56
96 Belize 16.80 59.46 28.31 30.41 4.86 149.97 0.14 4.90 7.57 12.09 4.85 4.46 80.30 114.38 375.67 54.06 10.31 28.42 36.37 1.88 0.85 5.58 9.88 57.40 318.27
97 Malaysia 7.76 27.47 41.01 44.05 6.52 201.19 0.94 32.92 49.43 78.92 16.57 15.22 25.28 36.01 435.78 51.04 9.73 81.25 103.98 0.04 0.02 2.90 5.13 118.86 316.92
98 Zimbabwe 2.65 9.38 4.97 5.34 7.37 227.42 0.96 33.62 2.80 4.47 1.75 1.61 31.90 45.44 327.28 31.31 5.97 10.09 12.91 0.54 0.24 2.22 3.93 23.06 304.22
99 Guatemala 4.85 17.17 16.45 17.67 5.60 172.80 0.23 8.05 1.08 1.72 14.61 13.42 46.60 66.38 297.22 35.90 6.85 5.66 7.24 0.32 0.14 2.00 3.54 17.77 279.44
100 Uganda 3.37 11.93 1.51 1.62 5.15 158.92 1.25 43.77 12.50 19.96 0.97 0.89 37.27 53.09 290.18 10.14 1.93 4.64 5.94 0.01 0.00 3.77 6.67 14.55 275.63
101 Nepal 0.67 2.37 1.56 1.68 7.89 243.47 2.10 73.54 2.17 3.46 1.42 1.30 52.10 74.21 400.04 50.46 9.62 87.75 112.29 0.01 0.00 2.42 4.28 126.20 273.83
102 Iran 0.00 0.00 25.38 27.26 3.58 110.47 3.69 129.22 9.80 15.65 7.70 7.07 46.69 66.51 356.18 153.31 29.24 29.95 38.33 0.00 0.00 12.16 21.52 89.09 267.10
103 Tanzania 0.32 1.13 1.84 1.98 6.09 187.92 1.28 44.83 5.50 8.78 0.58 0.53 40.29 57.39 302.56 15.94 3.04 21.01 26.89 0.04 0.02 5.94 10.51 40.46 262.10
104 Senegal 0.94 3.33 4.62 4.96 5.85 180.52 3.19 111.71 22.94 36.63 1.63 1.50 16.86 24.02 362.66 37.32 7.12 72.29 92.51 0.00 0.00 4.03 7.13 106.76 255.90
105 Peru 3.85 13.63 11.72 12.59 4.69 144.72 1.00 35.02 15.74 25.13 8.76 8.05 62.15 88.53 327.67 56.12 10.70 48.92 62.60 1.59 0.72 0.65 1.15 75.17 252.49
106 Nicaragua 3.38 11.96 21.31 22.89 4.73 145.96 0.01 0.35 3.59 5.73 4.90 4.50 85.16 121.30 312.70 28.17 5.37 43.33 55.45 0.01 0.00 2.36 4.18 65.00 247.69
107 Vietnam 35.00 123.88 12.36 13.28 7.44 229.58 0.14 4.90 26.52 42.34 3.84 3.53 16.36 23.30 440.82 10.49 2.00 144.56 184.99 5.75 2.59 6.28 11.12 200.70 240.12
108 Ethiopia 0.02 0.07 0.66 0.71 3.61 111.40 1.57 54.98 0.24 0.38 0.36 0.33 44.14 62.87 230.74 31.26 5.96 2.25 2.88 0.45 0.20 1.21 2.14 11.18 219.56
109 Myanmar 11.31 40.03 21.87 23.49 4.94 152.44 0.89 31.17 54.26 86.64 6.45 5.92 31.48 44.84 384.53 6.22 1.19 132.80 169.94 0.38 0.17 4.50 7.97 179.27 205.26
110 Congo 2.39 8.46 13.02 13.99 4.35 134.23 0.40 14.01 26.22 41.86 0.60 0.55 10.69 15.23 228.33 40.07 7.64 16.51 21.13 0.00 0.00 3.08 5.45 34.22 194.11
111 Zambia 1.66 5.88 3.29 3.53 4.76 146.88 0.68 23.81 6.20 9.90 3.32 3.05 9.71 13.83 206.89 12.10 2.31 3.05 3.90 7.30 3.29 5.04 8.92 18.42 188.47
112 Cameroon 1.47 5.20 3.29 3.53 4.17 128.68 1.40 49.03 14.71 23.49 0.40 0.37 15.27 21.75 232.05 22.60 4.31 23.85 30.52 0.64 0.29 9.29 16.44 51.56 180.49
113 Madagascar 2.56 9.06 3.14 3.37 7.51 231.74 0.57 19.96 4.41 7.04 0.71 0.65 24.84 35.38 307.21 9.01 1.72 102.53 131.21 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.62 133.55 173.67
114 Malawi 5.45 19.29 1.38 1.48 2.35 72.52 2.07 72.49 7.33 11.70 1.08 0.99 7.98 11.37 189.84 11.77 2.24 4.75 6.08 1.76 0.79 5.08 8.99 18.11 171.74
115 Guinea 0.16 0.57 1.83 1.97 6.26 193.17 1.60 56.03 9.18 14.66 1.95 1.79 20.62 29.37 297.55 18.55 3.54 97.12 124.28 0.00 0.00 4.14 7.33 135.15 162.40
116 Nigeria 1.47 5.20 1.73 1.86 2.33 71.90 2.72 95.25 16.03 25.59 3.46 3.18 7.91 11.27 214.25 20.82 3.97 28.23 36.13 2.60 1.17 6.93 12.27 53.53 160.72
117 Rwanda 0.76 2.69 1.34 1.44 2.53 78.07 1.93 67.59 3.88 6.20 0.16 0.15 7.23 10.30 166.43 11.34 2.16 8.70 11.13 1.93 0.87 0.58 1.03 15.19 151.24
118 Philippines 18.40 65.13 11.91 12.79 4.06 125.28 0.56 19.61 28.51 45.52 4.02 3.69 15.66 22.31 294.33 23.12 4.41 119.44 152.85 0.03 0.01 2.08 3.68 160.95 133.38
119 Ghana 1.36 4.81 8.63 9.27 1.09 33.64 1.74 60.93 26.05 41.59 1.21 1.11 9.08 12.93 164.29 14.45 2.76 32.03 40.99 0.01 0.00 5.56 9.84 53.59 110.70
120 Togo 1.57 5.56 6.63 7.12 1.53 47.21 1.58 55.33 11.69 18.67 0.86 0.79 7.96 11.34 146.02 12.91 2.46 25.99 33.26 0.01 0.00 3.59 6.35 42.08 103.94
121 Gambia 0.18 0.64 2.66 2.86 2.16 66.65 0.71 24.86 23.13 36.93 0.99 0.91 45.71 65.11 197.96 37.91 7.23 61.84 79.14 0.00 0.00 5.27 9.33 95.69 102.27
122 India 0.28 0.99 1.88 2.02 0.81 24.99 0.58 20.31 4.71 7.52 2.58 2.37 84.50 120.36 178.57 60.56 11.55 69.49 88.93 0.39 0.18 1.92 3.40 104.05 74.52
123 Thailand 13.00 46.01 13.69 14.71 2.56 79.00 0.05 1.75 19.45 31.06 12.35 11.34 29.35 41.81 225.67 10.93 2.08 114.57 146.62 2.13 0.96 1.50 2.66 152.31 73.36
124 Mozambique 5.13 18.16 1.41 1.51 1.04 32.09 0.90 31.52 7.74 12.36 1.70 1.56 4.79 6.82 104.03 14.65 2.79 23.41 29.96 0.03 0.01 2.61 4.62 37.38 66.64
125 Cambodia 6.52 23.08 1.84 1.98 4.85 149.66 0.00 0.00 39.59 63.21 1.37 1.26 3.47 4.94 244.13 2.74 0.52 159.10 203.60 4.33 1.95 1.25 2.21 208.28 35.84
126 Sierra Leone 1.22 4.32 4.97 5.34 1.99 61.41 0.65 22.76 32.03 51.14 1.92 1.76 7.00 9.97 156.70 8.72 1.66 103.30 132.19 0.00 0.00 5.57 9.86 143.71 12.99
127 Sri Lanka 0.05 0.18 4.96 5.33 1.38 42.58 0.09 3.15 24.92 39.79 4.57 4.20 34.98 49.83 145.05 37.01 7.06 109.72 140.41 0.00 0.00 1.09 1.93 149.40 -4.34
128 Indonesia 2.98 10.55 7.50 8.06 2.59 79.92 0.46 16.11 25.65 40.95 4.88 4.48 14.82 21.11 181.18 25.45 4.85 134.62 172.27 1.12 0.50 4.92 8.71 186.34 -5.16
129 Liberia 4.01 14.19 8.91 9.57 0.78 24.07 0.48 16.81 4.13 6.59 2.05 1.88 3.04 4.33 77.45 10.95 2.09 94.75 121.25 0.63 0.28 1.31 2.32 125.94 -48.49
130 Bangladesh 0.00 0.00 1.40 1.50 1.28 39.50 1.33 46.58 18.07 28.85 2.08 1.91 21.91 31.21 149.55 17.47 3.33 171.73 219.76 0.61 0.27 0.72 1.27 224.64 -75.09

Methodology

This study looks at 130 countries around the world to determine how much carbon dioxide (CO2) each country emits, based on their diet. This is calculated through the amount of food supplied for consumption and how many kgs of CO2 per kg of produce, per person annually. This country-level data is split between animal-based and non-animal based diets.

The data looks at the amount of animal produce (pork, poultry, beef, lamb & goat, fish, eggs, and milk – including cheese) and non-animal produce (wheat and wheat products, rice, soybeans, nuts- including peanut butter) which is supplied for consumption in each country.

Definitions:

Supplied for Consumption (kg/person/year): The amount of food, in kg, which a country supplies for consumption. As this is a figure of supply intended for consumption this may also include a percentage of food which would not be consumed, such as food waste.

Kg CO2/person/year: Based on the amount of food supplied for consumption, this number indicates how many kgs of CO2 is produced annually per person.

Total kg CO2/year/person: This number shows total CO2 emissions per country based on a animal-based and non animal-based diet.

Difference – Kg CO2/person/year: Difference between the CO2 production of animal product and non-animal product, over a year. A low value means that a larger proportion of the population feeds on plant products which have a better carbon emission footprint. A negative value means that the majority of the population consumes more non-animal products than animal products and the carbon emissions caused by these products are higher in the country concerned than the total emissions caused by animal products.

The data is ranked highest to lowest based on the Difference – Kg CO2/person/year for animal products as compared to. non-animal products. The sum to calculate this value can be expressed as written below:

 

Total kg CO2/year/person Animal Products – Total kg CO2/year/person Non-Animal Products = Difference – Kg CO2/person/year

 

General Note: ‚0‘ does not necessarily mean zero as displayed in the data, as data is collected up to 4 decimal points.

 

Sources:

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food Balance sheets. Items: Seed, Feed, Food, and Food supply quantity (kg/capita/yr), Wheat and products, Rice (Milled Equivalent), Maize and products, Soybeans, Bovine Meat, Mutton and goat meat, Pigmeat, Poultry Meat, Eggs, Milk (including cheese, excluding butter), Sunflower seeds, Fish: Freshwater Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, and Marine Fish, and Other. Data collected on 2018-03-06. Last update of FAO: January 8, 2018. Year of data points: 2013.

Additional FAO descriptions:

  • Food Balance Sheet: “Food Balance Sheet presents a comprehensive picture of the pattern of a country’s food supply during a specified reference period. The food balance sheet shows for each food item – i.e. each primary commodity and a number of processed commodities potentially available for human consumption – the sources of supply and its utilization. The total quantity of foodstuffs produced in a country added to the total quantity imported and adjusted to any change in stocks that may have occurred since the beginning of the reference period gives the supply available during that period. On the utilization side a distinction is made between the quantities exported, fed to livestock, used for seed, put to manufacture for food use and non-food uses, losses during storage and transportation, and food supplies available for human consumption. The per capita supply of each such food item available for human consumption is then obtained by dividing the respective quantity by the related data on the population actually partaking of it. Data on per capita food supplies are expressed in terms of quantity.”
  • Kg CO2/person/year is calculated by multiplying the supply for human consumption in terms of (kg/person/year) and the median of emissions intensity in the world for that product.
  • Emissions intensities are from FAO (when available). Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emissions intensities Items: Data collected on 2018-03-09. Last update of FAO: December 12, 2017. Year of data points: 2014

Emissions intensity (as described in FAO): „Intensities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by production unit for a selection of agricultural commodities, kg CO2eq/kg product. The Emissions Intensities agri-environmental indicators are computed from FAO statistics, available in the Emissions and Production sections of FAOSTAT. The indicator is furthermore consistent with the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The data provide first-order analyses of the GHG performance of a range of commodities, based on their efficiency of production, by country and over time. Derived by using a transparent methodology, the estimates are easily reproducible from the underlying FAOSTAT national data. At the same time, the GHG emissions used in the computation of the FAOSTAT Emissions Intensities indicator are limited to emissions generated within the farm gate. Additional emissions from upstream and downstream production and consumption processes and trade are excluded.”

  • The study uses the median emissions data in order to discount the intensity of outliers, which would be a problem if an average was taken. The study uses the world level for CO2, because the study does not differentiate between imported products and local products, as well as consumption differences between the two. E.g. Brazil has a very high level of beef exportation, meaning its CO2 production levels are disproportionately high to the country’s consumption levels.
  • The median global emissions data was used for the study.
  • General note: Country level data sourced from FAO when available. For emission intensities that are not available for many countries (e.g. nuts, fish and soybeans), values provided in the following reports are used: MacLeod, M., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Tempio, G., Falcucci, A., Opio, C., Vellinga, T., Henderson, B. & Steinfeld, H. 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions from pig and chicken supply chains – A global life cycle assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome; Opio, C., Gerber, P., Mottet, A., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., MacLeod, M., Vellinga, T., Henderson, B. & Steinfeld, H. 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains – A global life cycle assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome; Greenhouse gas emissions from aquaculture, A life cycle assessment of three Asian systems, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2017; Castanheira ÉG, Freire F, Greenhouse gas assessment of soybeanproduction: implications of land use change and different cultivation systems, Journal of CleanerProduction (2013), doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.026; Climate change on your plate, WWF Germany, Berlin October 2012.

2017 Worldwide average CO2 emissions per food type, per person, per year:

  • Pork = 3.54 kg
  • Poultry= 1.07 kg
  • Beef = 30.86 kg
  • Lamb & Goat = 35.02 kg
  • Fish = 1.60 kg
  • Eggs = 0.92 kg
  • Milk – including cheese = 1.42 kg
  • Wheat & Wheat Products = 0.19 kg
  • Rice = 1.28 kg
  • Soybeans = 0.45 kg
  • Nuts – including Peanut Butter = 1.77 kg
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